More Indirects Effects

Assalamualaikum..these are more indirects effects that will happen towards environment through GLOBALISATION..

In their review of the literature on the PHH and PHE, Copeland and Taylor (2004) credited
some of the recent success in uncovering impacts of globalisation on the environment to the
pairing of theory and empirics. In the early 1990s, researchers identified that globalisation is
likely to impact the environment through three principle channels – composition, scale and
technique effects:

● The composition effect measures changes in emissions arising from the change in a
country’s industrial composition following trade liberalisation.6 If, for example,
liberalisation induces an economy’s service sector to expand and its heavy industry to
contract, the country’s total emissions will likely fall, since the expanding sector is less emission intensive.
● Under the scale effect, more efficient allocation of resources within countries shifts the global production possibilities frontier, raising the size of the industrial pollution base and resulting in greater global emissions.
● The technique effect refers to the plethora of channels through which trade liberalisation impacts the rate at which industry and households pollute. These channels include changes in the stringency of environmental regulation in response to income growth or the political climate surrounding regulation. The technique effect also includes
technology transfer facilitated by trade.

Directs and Indirects Effects on Environment

For over a quarter century, researchers have recognised the potential for increasing
trade to negatively impact the environment. Highly publicised events, such as the fate of
the Khian Sea,2 the leak of an internal World Bank memo signed by Chief Economist
Lawrence Summers (in which Summers appeared to urge World Bank economists to
encourage pollution-intensive industry migrate to developing countries3) and riots at
the 1999 World Trade Organization meetings in Seattle brought the question of whether
the surge in international trade is good or bad for the environment onto the world stage.
Research into the net effect of globalisation on the environment has matured,
although there remain many outstanding questions. Moreover, there has been little or no
effort at linking up the two broad schools of thought on the direct and indirect effects of
globalisation on our natural environment. The direct effects include emissions and
environmental damage associated with the physical movement of goods between
exporters and importers. This includes emissions from fossil fuel use, oil spills and
introductions of exotic species. At the same time, growth in trade and foreign direct
investment (FDI) has numerous indirect effects. These indirect effects are often classified in
scale, composition and technique effects.

globalisation,transport and the environment

assalamualaikum.

The term “globalisation” is often used to describe the increased flow of knowledge,

resources, goods and services among nations. The term is sometimes defined as “the

development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade,

free flow of capital and the tapping of cheaper foreign labour markets”.*

Globalisation can also be described as a process by which the people of the world are

unified into a single society and function together. This process is a combination of

economic, technological, socio-cultural and political forces. The term is, however, often

used to refer in the narrower sense of economic globalisation, involving integration of

national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct

investment, capital flows, migration and the spread of technology.

OECD (2005) highlights that three major forces have contributed importantly to the

globalisation process: i) the liberalisation of capital movements and deregulation, of

financial services in particular; ii) the further opening of markets to trade and investment,

spurring the growth of international competition; and iii) the pivotal role played by

information and communication technologies (ICT) in the economy.

quote of the day

Accordingly, globalization is not only something that will concern and threaten us in the future, but something that is taking place in the present and to which we must first open our eyes.

Ulrich Beck

List the advantages and disadvantages of globalization.

Advantages of Globalization:

• Resources of different countries are used for producing goods and services they are able to do most efficiently.
• Consumers to get much wider variety of products to choose from.
• Consumers get the product they want at more competitive prices.
• Companies are able to procure input goods and services required at most competitive prices.
• Companies get get access to much wider markets
• It promotes understanding and goodwill among different countries.
• Businesses and investors get much wider opportunities for investment.
• Adverse impact of fluctuations in agricultural productions in one area can be reduced by pooling of production of different areas.

Disadvantages of Globalization:

• Developed countries can stifle development of undeveloped and under-developed countries.
• Economic depression in one country can trigger adverse reaction across the globe.
• It can increase spread of communicable diseases.
• Companies face much greater competition. This can put smaller companies, at a disadvantage as they do not have resources to compete at global scale.

snap :)

salam n hey lovely people!

activity for today, lets describe globalisation based from all these pictures :)

credit to : google image

an introduction :)

salam and hye lovely people..

first of all, saya nak ucapkan banyak2 terima kasih kepada anda semua sebab sudi meluangkan masa membaca blog saya ini.btw, konsep blog saya kali ini lebih berteraskan ilmiah Kecenderungan karya penulisan saya adalah berteraskan sebarang isu GLOBALISASI yg wujud pada jangka masa sekarang dan terbaru berdasarkan subjek yang sedang saya ambil pada semester ini. Awalnya, saya bercadang untuk menggunakan Bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa pengantar utama di dalam blog saya ini namun, saya tidak yakin untuk meneruskan impian tersebut.But still, saya akan selit-selit juga elemen Bahasa Inggeris ini supaya kita dapat meningkatkan skil berbahasa kita dengan bersama-sama. Nanti kalau salah grammar ke jangan gelak tau. Saya budak baru blaja..

p/s: ok guys..cukup sampai di sini dulu k..kita jumpa lagi pada post yang akan datang :)

see..this is what we called it as A WORLD WITHOUT NO BOUNDARIES *

tata~